htpasswd - Manage user files for basic authentication
option. Available in 2.4.4 and later.-i
(bcrypt encryption). It sets the computing time used for the bcrypt algorithm (higher is more secure but slower, default: 5, valid: 4 to 31).-d
server on Windows and Netware. This algorithm limits the password length to 8 characters. This algorithm is -s
will support creation on all platforms, the httpd
daemon will only accept plain text passwords on Windows and Netware.-D
is given, this file is created if it does not already exist, or rewritten and truncated if it does exist.username
returns a zero status ("true") if the username and password have been successfully added or updated in the passwdfile. htpasswd
if it encounters some problem accessing files, 2
if there was a syntax problem with the command line, 3
if the password was entered interactively and the verification entry didn't match, 4
if its operation was interrupted, 5
if a value is too long (username, filename, password, or final computed record), 6
if the username contains illegal characters (see the Restrictions section), and 7
htpasswd /usr/local/etc/apache/.htpasswd-users jsmith
Adds or modifies the password for user jsmith
will do nothing except return an error.
htpasswd -c /home/doe/public_html/.htpasswd jane
. The user is prompted for the password. If the file exists and cannot be read, or cannot be written, it is not altered and htpasswd
htpasswd -db /usr/web/.htpasswd-all jones Pwd4Steve
should not be within the Web server's URI space -- that is, they should not be fetchable with a browser.
This program is not safe as a setuid executable. Do not make it setuid.
option is discouraged, since when it is used the unencrypted password appears on the command line.
algorithm, note that only the first 8 characters of the password are used to form the password. If the supplied password is longer, the extra characters will be silently discarded.
The SHA encryption format does not use salting: for a given password, there is only one encrypted representation. The crypt()
and MD5 formats permute the representation by prepending a random salt string, to make dictionary attacks against the passwords more difficult.
formats are insecure by today's standards.
are limited to no more than 255
is specific to the Apache software; passwords encrypted using it will not be usable with other Web servers.
bytes and may not include the character :
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Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4
htpasswd - Manage user files for basic authentication
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htpasswd is used to create and update the flat-files used to store usernames and password for basic authentication of HTTP users. If htpasswd cannot access a file, such as not being able to write to the output file or not being able to read the file in order to update it, it returns an error status and makes no changes.
htpasswdhtpasswdResources available from the Apache HTTP server can be restricted to just the users listed in the files created by htpasswd. This program can only manage usernames and passwords stored in a flat-file. It can encrypt and display password information for use in other types of data stores, though. To use a DBM database see dbmmanage or htdbm.
htpasswddbmmanagehtdbmhtpasswd encrypts passwords using either bcrypt, a version of MD5 modified for Apache, SHA1, or the system's crypt() routine. Files managed by htpasswd may contain a mixture of different encoding types of passwords; some user records may have bcrypt or MD5-encrypted passwords while others in the same file may have passwords encrypted with crypt().
htpasswdcrypt()htpasswdcrypt()This manual page only lists the command line arguments. For details of the directives necessary to configure user authentication in httpd see the Apache manual, which is part of the Apache distribution or can be found at http://httpd.apache.org/.
httpdSee also
httpdhtdbm